The Diary of Lady Murasaki Reflection

The Diary of Lady Murasaki, gives the reader a glimpse of the imperial court during eleventh century Japan. Being an attendant in the imperial court, Murasaki is frequently involved with the activities of elite. As a woman, Lady Murasaki's descriptions are oriented around clothing, appearance, and the position of woman in Heian Japan. Lady Murasaki was the most educated woman in the court. She acknowledges learning the Chinese classics from listening to her brother’s lessons.She cautiously expressed for discretion in regards to her knowledge, since education was restricted for women due to the prejudices against women in the Buddhist convictions. Murasaki kept a personal diary, and spent her days filling it with notes from the daily activities of the court. I was a form of entertainment for Murasaki due to the lack of â€Å"excitement† in the court. The notes were almost making a mockery of the court and their way of life. She talked a lot about women and their role dur ing the time period in Japan. There wasn’t much going on inside the imperial court.The ladies-in-waiting spent there days engaged in gossip they had no other real responsibilities. The woman of the court wore lavish colorful garments. There were very strict rules on what colors the women were allowed to wear. For example, only woman from a certain rank were allowed to wear yellow-green or red, but it was restricted to only jackets, figured silk and printed trains. Only on special occasions, like the birth of a prince, were all ranks dressed in white. The woman also had very long luxurious hair. This was also a sign of rank in the imperial court.The way Lady Murasaki describes the women of the court, it seems that their true position was to serve as the eye candy. They weren’t educated, except for a small number of them, and they didn’t have any real power in the dynasty. During this time women faced severe isolation with limited education. Women in the Heian per iod were defined by restrictions of what was not permitted. Custom influenced by Buddhism, enforced strict physical limitations on women, not to be seen by men and sometimes even other women. It seems like more of a hassle to have women present in the court then not.Without women in the court there wouldn’t be children. Without children, there wouldn’t be any heirs to the throne. Lady Murasaki diary gave third party view in the life of the imperial court. The priorities of the women were more focused on appearance rather then education because of the Buddhist convictions. Even thought the women were held at different ranks in the court they all had the main purpose of keeping the dynasty alive via childbirth. Due to the advance in Murasaki’s education, her writings gave way to the beginning of education for women in Japan.

Ensuring use of technology has purpose in education

Harmonizing to Schwartz ( 2008 ) , ‘Teaching is a dynamic dealing between head, stuffs, results and ends. Teachers teach ; scholars learn – all within the context of a complex cognitive and socio-cultural environment that is germinating faster than at any other clip in the history of instruction ‘ . Schwartz ( 2008 ) states that one of the grounds for this is the impact of technological progresss on the instruction system. The pupils of today live in a extremely technological universe. They are surrounded by appliances and bombarded by information. They use engineering for diversion, communicating and information. We as pedagogues have a responsibility to encompass engineering and utilize it to profit all stakeholders involved. But how can we guarantee that engineering is non used merely because we think it should but as something that enriches the experience of the scholar. How do we equilibrate the usage of engineering and the demands of the scholar? As Pedagogy Strategy ( 2005 ) states ‘Making engineerings available does non of itself consequence in changed instruction methods or in the degree of larning results. Effective usage of ICT in instruction requires appropriate teaching methods. ‘ We have to guarantee that the usage of engineering has significance and intent. There is a overplus of research on the construct of blended acquisition. Blended acquisition, harmonizing to Rodgers ( 2009 ) , is ‘executing a acquisition scheme that integrates multiple bringing modes ( both synchronal and asynchronous ) and, in making so, making the best possible larning solution for your mark audience ‘ . Blended larning requires the scholar to be at the Centre of the procedure and guaranting that it is the right environment for the right scholar. In concern blended acquisition can be seen as the right combination at the lowest costs, this applied to education would be the right combination at the greatest acquisition result. Dzakiria et.al ( 2006 ) citing Driscoll ‘s work, sees blended acquisition as uniting web-based engineering to bring forth an ‘optimal acquisition result ‘ . In concern you have to cognize your market, in instruction it is important that you know your scholar and a one size fits all doctrine does non work. Dzakir ia et.al. ( 2006 ) argues that we need to see the pupils as the primary educational client, their positions and experiences, and the learning support mechanism for effectual acquisition results. It is indispensable that students own their acquisition, that they lead their acquisition and they are at the Centre of the procedure. Technological progresss has resulted in the usage of blended acquisition schemes in concern, universities and schools. The potency of the usage of blended acquisition for e-assessment is mindblowing. JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that ‘assessment is one of the most important countries of an educational system. It defines what pupils take to be of import, how they spend much of their academic clip and in many ways how they value themselves. ‘ Assessment is important to the scholar every bit long as it has a clear and defined intent. The usage of e-assessment can utilize the cardinal doctrine of blended acquisition and give the learner control over their acquisition and help their acquisition. E-assessment has advantages, JISC INFONET ( **** ) states that it allows instant feedback, allows clip for alteration, staff acquire immediate feedback and this can be linked to other on-line stuffs. Although there are concerns over the usage of E-assessment. E-assessment itself may sa lvage clip but the clip it takes to ab initio put up such an appraisal can non be underestimated. ***** can widen The development of personal acquisition environments ( PLEs ) has opened up the potency of the larning non merely being the Centre of the learning procedure but taking the larning themselves. The possible, particularly for school aged students could be great. Imagine an PLE which gives a record of a child online from the minute they walk into instruction to the clip they leave at 16 or 18. What if that record continues to university? What if that continues invariably as we embark on ‘lifelong larning ‘ ? This will in bend have a enormous consequence on instruction and acquisition. Becta ( 2007 ) suggests that PLE ‘s ‘offers a portal to the universe, through which scholars can research and make harmonizing to their ain involvements and waies, interacting at all times with their friends and community. ‘ Harmelen ( 2006 ) suggests that the development of PLE ‘s is motivated by the demands of the womb-to-tomb scholar and for a system that provides a st andard interface, a response from the fact that the scholar ‘s e-system demands to be under the control of the scholar and the demands of the scholar themselves. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) negotiations of utilizing the MashUp rule which ‘will let scholars to construct their ain acquisition environment ‘ . The potency of PLEs in instruction is radical. Downs ( 2009 ) , states that ‘future larning environment which becomes non an institutional or corporate application, but besides a acquisition centre, where content is reused and remixed harmonizing to the pupil ‘s ain demands and involvements. It becomes, so, non a individual application, but a aggregation of interoperating applications – an environment instead than a system ‘ . Research is being undertaken to look at how PLE ‘s will turn to a scholars larning and the consequence and deductions on instruction. But Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that traditional Learning Management S ystems ( LMS ) are non flexible plenty to supply an effectual PLE system. Taraghi et. Al. ( 2010 ) points out that, ‘even current research can non indicate out what a extremely personalised larning environment should look like in item ‘ . Using a PLE to turn to womb-to-tomb acquisition would necessitate looking at the large image non one specific component of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past developments have been centred on specific phases in instruction but now we need to guarantee the scholar ‘s demands are addressed throughout their acquisition journey. Atwell ( 2007 ) provinces, ‘if non continuous, larning is now seen as multi episodic, with persons passing occasional periods of formal instruction and developing throughout their on the job life. ‘ PLE ‘s will hold to turn to both the thoughts of uninterrupted acquisition and the periods of informal acquisition that a scholar brushs. Formal larning itself, harmonizing to Atwell ( 20 07 ) histories for merely 20 per cent of a scholar ‘s acquisition. In the past educational engineering has paid little or no attending to informal larning a PLE could turn to this issue. PLE ‘s could be used for anyone who wants to organize their ain acquisition. Taraghi et.al. ( 2010 ) specify seven important facets for the displacement from LMS to PLE: The function of the scholar Personalisation Content Social engagement Ownership Educational and organizational civilization Technological facets PLE ‘s could convey together the huge sum of different engineering that a scholar uses under one umbrella. Making it distinguishable and personalised to that scholar, involve the engineerings they like to utilize and turn to their specific acquisition manners. The scholar could make up one's mind their penchants to how they study, present information etc. The scholar can make up one's mind on their ain content and analyze the countries they decide to assist with their acquisition. The scholar could in kernel develop a acquisition environment that addresses their specific demands at their current phase in instruction. Milligan quoted in BECTA ( 2007 ) believes PLE ‘s ‘would give the scholar greater control over their learning experience ( pull offing their resources, the work they have produced, the activities they participate in ) and would represent their ain personal acquisition environment, which they could utilize to interact with institutional systems to entree content, appraisal, libraries and the similar ‘ . Atwell ( 2007 ) states that PLE ‘s ‘are non an application but instead a new attack to the usage of new engineerings for larning. There remain many issues to be resolved. But, at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, the statement for the usage of Personal Learning environments in non proficient but instead is philosophical, ethic and pedagogic. ‘ This wealth of grounds of larning would ensue in a e-portfolio which could potentially chart a scholar from the minute they enter the instruction system. There could potential be a wealth of touchable grounds which could be used as grounds for makings or as an illustration of what a possible employee may be capable of. Cohn and Hibbitts ( 2004 ) suggest that an e-portfolio ‘stimulates our pupils to prosecute in brooding thought ‘ . What is apparent is the thought that we have to be careful that e-portfolios are closely linked to the thoughts of PLE ‘s. If we are doing personal acquisition environments which are alone to the scholar, we do non desire to so make an e-portfolio which is one size fits all, it besides has to be personalised to the scholar, integrate the scholars larning manners and penchants. Learning and appraisal are intertwined, therefore if we talk about bring forthing a PLE so the thought of an e-portfolio must organize a important component of such an environment. Gulbahar and Tinmaz ( 2006 ) suggests that the thought of an e-portfolio support pupils focused on the acquisition procedure instead than the terminal merchandise. They suggest that ‘By the usage of e-portfolios, pupils have the opportunity to reflect upon their acquisition and instructors have the chance to supply elaborate feedback on pupils ‘ work. ‘ Research undertaken by Gulbarhar and Tinemaz ( 2006 ) suggested that utilizing an e-portfolio was favoured by all the pupils in their survey. They concluded that I gave the pupils a ‘great opportunity for self betterment ‘ and it besides ‘demonstrated a acquisition centres theoretical account for instructor campaigners. ‘ The pupils besides gained more cognition and associated it with existent life context.

Moral and Social Philosophy

Moral philosophy is focused on the habits, customs, and values of a certain individual (Wikipedia, 2007). It has the following sub-categories: meta-ethics; normative ethics; as well as, applied ethics (Wikipedia, 2007). One of the major contributors of this school of thought is Immanuel Kant who said that â€Å"deontology† holds that an act is considered to be right if it goes with the moral rule or principle (Ethical.., 2001). For example, parents will have to decide whether or not to have their children immunized. Since it is required by the law then the parents will have to allow their children to be immunized; it is the right thing to do because it goes along with the moral rule or principle (Ethical.., 2007). Social Philosophy Social philosophy is technically defined as a study which addresses dilemmas concerning social/human behaviors (Wikipedia, 2007). It covers the following areas: effects of culture, effects of science, revolution, social contract, etc (Wikipedia, 2007). Simply put, social philosophy concerns itself with moral principles as applied to problems of equality, freedom, as well as, justice (Wikipedia, 2007). One of the major contributors of social philosophy is John Locke who stated that: men are equal, free, as well as independent; thus, they possess the faculty of reason, which gives them the right to preserve their property including their life, liberty, as well as, estates (Bennagen, 2000). In addition to that, he believes that the state of nature is one that is in a state of perfect equality, freedom, liberty, and rationality but it is possible to turn into a state of war especially in cases where there exists the absence of a common judge (Bennagen, 2000). Thus, for him, entering into social contract is necessitated so as not to go through anything that is similar to the state of war (Bennagen, 2000). Last but not least, he also believes that the people have the right to resist a government that tyrannical in nature (Bennagen, 2000). Subjectivism Subjectivism is the act of making moral judgments, however, based on an individual’s emotion (Ethics.., n.d.). For example, in judging if something is â€Å"nice†, an individual has to have a positive emotions about it otherwise it should not be labeled or declared as something â€Å"nice† (Ethics.., n.d.). Advocates of subjectivism claim that since moral judgments are decided upon subjectively or basing on emotions, then individuals are fully rational during such a period (Ethics.., n.d.). The major problem with subjectivism, however, is that, since it is based on emotions, the person may all the more arrive at wrong decisions or judgments, for example, dating a nice and handsome young but married man may feel nice but that doesn’t mean it is moral to do so (Ethics.., n.d.). One kind of subjectivism is known as metaphysical subjectivism and one of the major contributors of the aforementioned school of thought is Descartes (Wikipedia, 2007). Egoism Ethical egoism or simply egoism is doing something to fulfill an individual’s own interest whether it may be good or harmful to other people (Wikipedia, 2007). Egoism does not take into consideration the well-being of others nor does it do anything to be of assistance or help to others (Wikipedia, 2007). One of the contributors of this particular school of thought is Thomas Hobbes who advocated that self-interests should be pursued and practiced so that freedom may be equal to everybody (Wikipedia, 2007). He also believes that even if there is self-interest, it is impossible that an individual may be harmed because humans are typically the same when it comes to their wants and needs (Wikipedia, 2007). Virtue Ethics Virtue Ethics is where Aristotle’s moral theory is taken into consideration (Ethical.., 2001). Here, it is said that â€Å"an act is right if it is what a virtuous agent would do in the circumstances† (Ethical.., 2001). Let’s take for instance, the case on immunization, currently, there is a dilemma with regards to having every child immunized before going to school, utilizing virtue ethics in critical thinking, parents may decide that they will allow their children to be immunized because it is not only good for their children, but it will benefit all the others as well (Ethical.., 2001). Ethical Relativism Ethical relativism is where social, personal, historical, as well as, cultural considerations are the basis of one’s judgment or decision (Wikipedia, 2007). A contributor to this school of thought named Jean-Paul Sartre in fact claims that somebody’s morals, if any, will be proven only if the person follows certain social norms (Wikipedia, 2007). Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism is built on the concept or principles of utility, which he believes is the foundation of morals (Bennagen, 2000). It holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Bennagen, 2000). Happiness, according to John Stuart Mill, is equated to pleasure and the absence of pain, while unhappiness, for him, refers to pain and the privation of pleasure (Bennagen, 2000). Categorical Imperative This rationally dictates a course of action independent of whatever goals the agent may have (Encarta, 2007). By this, Immanuel Kant also meant that the moral law is categorical or that it applies to all situations, and by imperative, he meant, it is commanding, thus making it absolutely authoritative (Gaarder, 1991). Immanuel Kant stated the Categorical Imperative in two key formulations: 1) Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a general natural law (Encarta, 2007), meaning, that it should apply to all people in all societies at all times (Gaarder, 1991); and 2) Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only (Encarta, 2007). By this statement, he meant, we should not exploit others to our own advantage (Gaarder, 1991). References Bennagen, Pia. (2000). Social, Economic and Political Thought. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. Encarta. (2005). Immanuel Kant. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://www.encarta.com. Ethical Theories Compared. (2001). Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://www.trinity.edu. Ethics 02 – Subjectivism. (n.d.). Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://www.jcu.edu/philosophy/gensler/et/et-02-00.htm Gaarder, Jostein. (1991). Sophie’s World. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux Inc., Wikipedia. (2007). Cogito Ergo Sum. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito_Ergo_Sum Wikipedia. (2007). Egoism. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_egoism Wikipedia. (2007). Ethical Relativism. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_relativism Wikipedia. (2007). Moral Philosophy. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_philosophy Wikipedia. (2007). Social Philosophy. Retrieved May 26, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_philosophy               

Population Control and Earths Sustainability Research Paper

Population Control and Earths Sustainability - Research Paper Example No matter the increase in population, the earth cannot exceed its ‘carrying capacity’. Proponents of population control argue that if the current trend of increase in world’s population continues without any action taken to control, it will lead to overpopulation that would exceed the earth’s capacity (Navarro 1). However, the big question raised here is what is the carrying earth’s capacity and is it possible to measure this capacity? This is because one needs to know the exact carrying capacity of the earth for them to say that it would be exceeded with the bulging human population. The truth is there is no conclusive evidence showing the carrying capacity of the earth and indicating that if the world’s population exceeds a certain level, the earth will not be able to sustain it. In fact, the earth can comfortably sustain the human population as it still has enough resources to achieve this. However, to achieve this requires proper maintenan ce of these resources to avoid wastage. In addition, the earth still has vast land and resources to cater for the population. For example, Tanzania in East Africa has a population of about California and Virginia’s population combined, but with a land larger than Virginia, Arizona, Michigan, and California combined (Navarro 2). This is just an example of several countries with vast land enough to sustain their populations, and the populations beyond. Increase in population does not automatically lead to a reduction in earth’s resources for the population causing famine and starvation.

United States Department of Labor Case Study Assignment

United States Department of Labor Case Study - Assignment Example Individuals who qualify for the programs require disbursing the premium exclusively to cover a maximum of one hundred and two percent of the plan cost. COBRA assimilation by parliament took place in the year 1986, and its health benefits provisions prove accredited. The law reviews the ‘Employee Retirement Income Security Act’, the ‘Internal Revenue Code’ and the ‘Public Health Service Act’ ensure continuation of collective health coverage which would not have been in existence (United States & United States, 2007). Employers with more than 20 employees, for more than a year in the program, have the benefit of extension of health coverage, designed for their employees and their families, in cases where the coverage plans deems ending. Cobra gives out the methods by which the employees and their families can elect coverage continuation through their employers (United States & United States, 2007). Compliance with the federal laws Cobra ensures that it complies with the federal laws and any other related agencies. Its department of labor and treasury has power over private sector collective health plans. The Department of Health and Human Services expresses the operational law coverage affecting public sectors health plans. The labor section’s deductive and authoritarian accountability confines the release, and notification needs of COBRA. Number issuing done to customers in case one needs clarifications of any form. COBRA’s activities are regulated by the Internal Revenue Service, D epartment of the Treasury, it monitors their qualifications regarding, coverage and premiums, the continuation coverage needs for collective health plans. The departments responsible for implementation of these provisions are the labor and treasury departments (Jasper, 2009). How employees use this information to ensure that their right are protected Information is useful in ensuring the rights of employees are protected in that when the employees know who is legible for compensation, and in what cases they can claim compensation; there would be fewer cases of grievances in the organization. The employees are provided with contacts on who to consult in case they have any query relating to temporary extension of their health returns. Employees should always ensure that; COBRA or any other organizational plan is in use, depending on their organizational strategies to avoid any inconveniences. Continued coverage takes various forms as it may cover union members with collective bargaini ng agreement. The requirement, for employers and health plan administrators, of supplying a general notice in case they deem entitled to COBRA benefits is inevitable. COBRA subjected employees always receive notifications of their membership immediately after assimilation in a COBRA registered organization (United States & United States, 2007). In case of termination of an employee’s legibility to health coverage, the employer is responsible for providing notifications concerning the right s of the employees to COBRA continuation returns. Plan administrators wholly depend on employers for notifications concerning termination or lessened work hours to enable them successfully terminate the health benefits of the affected employees. The employer must provide information concerning the affected employee thirty days after the alteration of the employee’s contract. After which the plan administrator provide information to the employee within the fourteen days of the after

Role Technology Has Played in Electronic and Digital Media Essay

Role Technology Has Played in Electronic and Digital Media - Essay Example In the past news was limited to a few persons obtaining print. It was later improved to electronic information by way of radio. Information that was very important and that would impact peoples lives reached them very slowly. In the current scenario things are different. There are many ways in which news can be had. It is available in print, on the radio, on television and on the internet and events are shown and reported as they happen (live). In addition, to its informational, reporting and critiquing role, one of the main roles of media is agenda setting. According to McCoombs and Shaw (1972), the media’s choice of how an article is displayed and what to write about play an important role in shaping economic, political and social reality. In this way viewers, listeners the readers will not only learn about a particular issue but also the level of importance that the media attaches to it. This means that the media presents information in such a way that it can shape the opin ions and attitudes of the society. By doing so the media dictates what is believed and what is not. Advances in technology The media has moved away from the use of chemical technology in photography to the use of digital technology. In the past the custom was black and white until color became widespread in the latter part of the 20th century. The chemical process involved the use of chemicals in a dark room. According to Warren (2001), the pictures produced by this method were not as sharp as those produced digitally. Additionally, those produced digitally could be copied over and over and the quality would remain intact. This was not so for the ones produced chemically. Mass media used this technology to produce attractive magazines and newspaper articles and to produce attractive advertisements for businesses. This helped them to increase their role as a key player in success of businesses. Media has used digitally technology to improve the images on television and in the print m edia. Technological advances have resulted in the digitization of news print which is now described as online media. Newspapers such as New York Times (NYT) and Washington Post (WP) have increased their readership because of this fact. Additionally, they have now included videos in some of their news items. This was not and is still not possible with print media. Both NYT and WP have also been able to earn additional revenue by having advertisements on their site. More hits bring more advertisements and so the headlines and articles have to be attractive. McCoombs and Shaw (1972), indicates that there are three ways in the media seeks to set its agenda – attention, prominence and valence. The technology that is currently been used allows news item to gain attention and prominence with the use of sharp pictures and pull outs. On the television and on the internet media provide catchy advertisements with music and visual effects as seen on the internet and on television. Televi sion also provides viewers with soap operas and movies that have changed the way they view the world. The internet has provided information at one’s fingertips for personal information and for serious research. Conclusion The media has played a fundamental role in how the world is seen today. People are more

A short SF story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A short SF story - Essay Example They did not succeed, however, in achieving improvements on scientific matters, since their resources were scarce. They sensed that something was missing that could improve their lives. They needed to become strong and fearless of what they would encounter on the surface, an unknown site to them. Eager to wonder into the unknown they set off into their voyage. They had old technologies that they managed to acquire from their ancestors from the 21st Century. They thought that the key elements to their science inquiries would be found in the old human beings ´ technologies. They thought that if they worked on some of the technological paradigms that they had on file, they could reconstruct a better life for their species. They would be able to enjoy a surface they had no idea of what to expect. Everything would be new to them and perhaps they would find other survivors, other species, and other galaxies. They had difficulties working with the technology they found since it was outdated and they lacked the necessary tools to update it to function according to their needs. Due to the fact that they had lived underground for so long and were constantly experimenting, they were ingenious and found ways to adapt the technological devices according to their needs. The survivor idea was both a good feeling as well as a bad feeling. They would possibly find good natured species that would want the wellbeing of all but they could also find minds with destructive thoughts, such as the ones that brought them to what they had become. It was not an easy decision to make. They wanted to expand their knowledge, travel into the galaxy, and help endure life as they knew it. Fortunately, they had the reproductive means to continue for generations but they wanted to improve their species. They wanted to become that which they were in the 21st Century with major improvements. They thought that the only way to achieve their goal would be to find

Introduction to Business........VIII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Business........VIII - Essay Example Leadership qualities are not possessed by every manager. The manager must have a charismatic personality and the influential power to become a good leader. 3. Human skills are identified as the ability of an individual to work effectively and in harmony with other people. A person who has good human skills can interact and cooperate more effectively with others and can use it as a valuable asset in team work. An individual possessing human skills, has good etiquette, can handle difficult people, and can negotiate well with others to convince them on his or her terms. e. Self-actualizing Needs – this is the highest level that a person can reach. On this level, he or she is not concerned about others’ opinions and is more interested in experiencing his or her full potential Theory Y, on the other hand, assumes that an average person seeks responsibility and wants to work. He or she can be motivated and committed to their work if they see rewards such as self-fulfillment. Therefore under this theory, the motivator for an individual is his or her need of self-fulfillment and this can be used to create harmony between the personal and organizational goals. 6. Operational planning comes under the strategic work plan. It describes how the business is to accomplish the milestones and objectives. This is done through putting a portion of the strategic plan into action which is to be completed within the duration of the operational period. Generally, this period is equal to a fiscal year. 8. Strategic Planning is done on the senior management level of the organization. It defines the overall strategy of the business. The strategic plan gives the business a direction and states how that plan is going to be achieved. It also includes planning of resources, such as capital and human resource. 9. Generation Y include those people who are born in the period from mid 1970s to the early 2000s.

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communiation Release Essay

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communiation Release - Essay Example Immediately rescue efforts began, but two days later, another shaft collapsed halting the rescue operation of the crews for many hours. Indeed, in such a situation, the company would need to be more cautious in how the world is notified of the incidence (Lusted, 2012). Basically, there are two ways in which the company would be expected to communicate information. The first being directed to the families of the workers trapped, the second to the other employees and finally, to the press. Those chosen to relay the information would be expected to be more careful so as to keep the goodwill of the company unaffected while ensuring that all the information is truthfully and accurately conveyed (Lundgren and McMakin, 2011). This may be achieved by knowing the potential needs of the families of the miners and that of the company’s employees. In this respect, the family members need consolation and the assurance that the company did its best to help save lives and prevent further losses. The employees need the assurance that the company is concerned about their safety and welfare. The potential needs of the families of trapped miners in receiving a message concerning this incident would include among other things a detailed information of any potential dangers to the trapped miners, clear steps the company is taking with actual details and times, in order to convince the families that no opportunity or expense is being spared by the company to rescue their loved ones. It is also critical at the onset of the disaster to provide information relating to the identities and number of miners trapped (Lundgren and McMakin, 2011). The potential needs of employees of the company in receiving the message about this incidence would include knowledge of the identity, the number of colleagues trapped, and the efforts being made by the company in an attempt to save their tapped colleagues.

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay We could say that an educated person is like a piece of artwork, it is open to the interpretation of the viewer. Just like every art work critique has their own opinion about an artwork, everyone has their own different interpretations of what an educated person is. One thing is clear though, in order to be a successful person in life, you do not need money, as well as in order to be an educated person, you do not need a college diploma. What you are willing to give up in order to become your best person depends on how much you truly want to accomplish that goal. Not everyone knows right away what they have a passion for. One has to explore new activities and only then will they be able to decide for themselves. Everyone expresses their opinion, and in my thought an educated person is the willing to put in time like Gladwell explains, claims their learning rights like Rich exercises, applies critical thinking and reasoning to work towards a success like Wagner emphasizes and lastly does not fall victim to adversity like my father focuses attention on. An educated person should always be willing to put in time. This means that they are willing to give up what they want now, for what they want most. For example, in Gladwell, Schoenfeld the math professor experimented with a young girl Renee, which took her approximately twenty-two minutes to figure the slope of a vertical line. â€Å"This is eight-grade mathematics If I put the average eighth grader in the same position as Renee, I’m guessing that after the first few attempts, they would have said, ‘I don’t get it. I need you to explain it. ’ (Gladwell 2008, pp. 245). † What Schoenfeld proved with this experiment was the willingness of Renee to continue the math problem. Of course, compared to the eighth grader, Renee had more self-discipline and wanted to continue on going until she was able to solve it. An educated person should be willing to put in time and work towards their goal. It will not be easy or given to the person, there is a lot of time and energy put to having what one wants. Another idea Gladwell explains is the amount of time one is willing to put in and how that makes one an expert. â€Å"Researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: 10,000 hours† (Gladwell 2008, pp.40). Gladwell’s idea of hard work and dedication to whatever it is that you want to become an expert at takes at least 10,000 hours. I agree with him, but only to a certain point. It is true that in order to become someone well knowledgeable on a certain activity or topic one must practice and put in time. I do not necessarily agree that 10,000 hours should be the exact number for â€Å"true expertise† as Gladwell calls it, but it definitely should not be a few hours. For example, ideally doctors should be one of the most specialized fields. They are ones performing their knowledge on people and I honestly would not want a doctor that has gotten a few hours of practice to do anything to me, because there is more of a chance that they are not as experienced as someone else that has been working for decades as a doctor. An educated person should be willing to put in time to practice which is what makes someone good at their specialization. Rich’s idea of â€Å"claiming an education† also applies within our pursuit to defining an educated person. Rich explains that a student should not think about education as â€Å"receiving it†, but to be thought of as â€Å"claiming it† (Rich 1979 pp.365). Rich explains that claiming an education is taking as if one were the owner. I agree with Rich, students should have the mentality of taking the education being given to them. There is a difference between claiming what is rightfully yours, and taking what if rightfully yours. One difference is that when you claim something, you are putting in effort to learning what is being taught. For example, a student that goes to class and learns whatever the lesson was for that day, would in my terms be called receiving. On the other hand, if that same student were to go to the instructor’s office hours and basically use the resources that there are around campus, that would be claiming. The mere difference of going one step above the other makes the difference between the two. Rich also backs this idea of claiming, with the simple act of participating in class, becoming more engaged in class and the teacher’s professional life. This idea of claiming an education is not limited to those in school, because not every educated person goes to college, or needs a college degree. It is helpful in order to have something to fall back upon. One way we can connect the idea of claiming an education without going to school, could be my father’s story. His decision of dropping out of high school did not stop him from doing what he wanted to do. He claimed his rights to learning about how to create his own company and becoming a successful entrepreneur, without having a business college degree. Claiming your rights as a human being over all is what counts. Anyone should be able to express their passion for something. In my father’s case, he first started by working at a small local shop as a cashier, but he found himself not doing what he loved, â€Å"I loved helping people, make their houses bigger or just fixing their house up for them. † (Gomez 2014). My father eventually stopped receiving, and started claiming. An educated person is one who does not receive, but one that claims and demands their ability to practice their passion. Give a child a list of three words with a definition to each, allow them to memorize it and few minutes later, they can regurgitate it back to you. As an education major, it is easy to go a whole year teaching children a certain vocabulary words, or teaching them how to solve a math problem, but explaining why the answer is the answer, is a lot more difficult. Wagner explains that many students lack â€Å"intellectual challenges† (Wagner 2008, pp. xxv). A class lacking intellectual challenge for students can cause a downfall in the future. Providing students with more rigorous work and questioning their solutions, prevents them from finding lessons uninteresting and eventually leading them to want to drop the course, or worse yet, want to drop out of school. For example in history class, one has to remember specific dates, but also know why several of these specific events happened or what lead to it. I was one of them. Rarely do students remember what lead to wars, or life historically changing events, like the great depression because they are just taught either to memorize the dates or they find it easier to only remember the dates and names of important historical figures. The same concept can be applied to mathematics, where one has to know how to solve the problem, but does not always know why a certain formula was used or why it only works with that certain problem. According to Wagner, knowing the answer is not sufficient, one must know and be able to critically think about the end result. Therefore, an educated person should be willing to not only claim their education, but also be able to apply more critical thinking and reasoning. Which by later exercising that through practicing and preparing, one can accomplish their goals. Lastly, I interviewed my father, because he is the first man I have ever admired. He was able to successfully carry out a career that he did not go to college for. Matter of fact, he never went to college, and only completed a few years of high school. Through my interview with him, he allowed me to truly appreciate and admire him a lot more. One main adversity he got through was coming in to the United States, he believes that without coming to the United States his success would not have been possible. â€Å"Coming from a huge family, having 8 brothers and 7 sisters you did not always get what you wanted† (Gomez 2014). My father further explained that he was always having to share his things and he never had the opportunities that I have today. â€Å"I had to run a whole mile in order to get to class, there were no buses, because we lived in the country, and I had to run to the city every morning to get to school† (Gomez 2014). My father continues with his story, â€Å"every morning we all had to do chores, mine were taking care of the farm animals. I would milk the cows every morning and since I had to do my morning chores before school, sometimes I ran late and I had to go to school smelling like farm animals and sweat† (Gomez 2014). The dedication put into working back then is not the same today. For everything there is always an excuse made up. I myself have made many excuses, but it takes an educated person to not make excuses. He could have easily said I am not walking a mile to go to school, but he was determined. My father did not drop out of school because he was failing his classes. At age 18 he became an innocent victim in a shooting, in which he was shot in the stomach and had missed a big portion of his senior year. He was months away from graduating, but he never was able to complete his missed classes due to the lack of support from his teachers, he explained. He after started his own family and came to the United States when I was born. â€Å"You are the luckiest one of everyone in the family† he told me, â€Å"your sisters do not have the opportunity that you have and an educated person is one who can make the best situation out of a tough one† (Gomez 2014). Without doubt, my father was able to create a self-made company. He was the only one of his 15 siblings to become an entrepreneur, and today in my eyes he is the most successful. An educated person would ideally be my own father, who was willing to put in time to learn about his passion, claim his rights as a United States resident and created his own business, and lastly he did fall victim to adversity. An educated person and a successful person go hand in hand, but the definitions are endless, and open to many interpretations, but what makes either person educated or successful, depends on what they are willing to give up in order to become their best person. An educated person is one who no matter what is willing to put in time in order to be called an expert at his passion. Someone who rightfully claims the ability to carry out their love for their passion and lastly, someone who does not fall victim to adversity. ? Bibliography Gladwell, Malcolm. â€Å"The 10,000-Hour Rule† in Outliers, 34-68. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2008. Gladwell, Malcolm. â€Å"Rice Paddies and Math Tests† in Outliers, 224-249. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2008. Gustavo Gomez, interview by Alondra Gomez, April 28, 2014. Rich, Adrienne. â€Å"Claiming and Education† in On Lies, Secrets and Silence, 365-369. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1979. Wagner, Tony. The Global Achievement Gap, intro xix-xxviii. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

Tesco: Dealing With Suppliers

Tesco: Dealing With Suppliers Business ethics refers to the study of morality on what is right and wrong that has been focus on moral standards as they are applied to the business, organization and behavior (Velasquez M.G., 2006). However, ethics can be defined as the application of morals to human activity (L. Manning, R.N.Baines S.A. Chadd, 2006). Therefore, ethical theories refer as the rules and principles. Ethical practices are important as it gives power and influence of business in society and offer major contributions to society. The reason for selecting Tesco is because this company is the third largest retailer in the world, which is encountering ethical and unethical practices that concerns much of the peoples daily life. Company Background Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen from a market stall in Londons East End. Over the years the business has grown and Tesco has 6,351 stores operating in 14 countries across Europe, Asia and North America (Tesco PLC, 2012). They have over 520,000 employees and serving millions of customers every week (Tesco PLC, 2012). Tesco is known to be the world third largest retailer selling groceries, household items, general merchandise and etc. However, Tesco is the second largest retailer in term of profits. Throughout the years, Tesco never stop expanding their business while also taking over other supermarkets which leads them continue growing. In Malaysia, year 2001 Tesco partners with Sime Darby and started their first store in Puchong in year 2002. In year 2009, Tesco was recognized as the number one hypermarket in Malaysia. Ethics is important for Tesco to maintain their valuable reputation and to build Tescos success. Hence, Tesco have to conduct their business in a manner of legal and ethical. Currently Tesco keep improving their merchandise, systems and stores to show that they are green, recycling-friendly, fair trading and ethical. Tesco aim to gain reputation of being ethical in their business following the footsteps of some ethical companies like The Body Shop which are retailer and manufacturer of naturally inspired and ethically produced cosmetic products. Body Shop is a company who appreciates the environment and social impact in its supply chain. Thus, the company ethical practices can be reflected in its Community Trade Programs and Ethical Trade (Business In The Community, 2012). 2.0 Ethical Dilemmas 2.1 Stakeholder Theory The method use for the analysis is stakeholder analysis. According to Edward Freeman (1984), a stakeholder in an organization is defined as group of individual who can affect, or is affected by the achievement of the organizations objectives (Freeman 1984:46). Evan and Freeman (1993) suggest two principles in order for a more precise definition of affects and affected by. First, principle of corporate rights which is the corporation has the obligation not to violate the rights of others. Principle of corporate effect refers to companies are responsible for the effects of their actions on others. Stakeholder theory comprises of competitors, customers, employees, community, suppliers, shareholders and government (Appendix 1). According to Freeman, others have a legitimate claim on the corporation. However, Freeman (1984) argues two perspectives which is the legal and economic perspective. Legal perspective is a legally binding contract which is protected legally in some ways while economic perspective is outside contractual relationships. Role of management by Freeman, states the broader view of responsibility towards multiple stakeholders assigns a new role to management. Rather than just agents of shareholders, the management has to take into account the rights and interest of the stakeholders. There are two models suggested which is stakeholder democracy and corporate governance. Stakeholder democracy gives the stakeholders the opportunity to influence and having control over corporate decisions. Whereby corporate governance regulates and codifies various rights of the stakeholder groups. 2.2 Ethical Dilemmas of Tesco 2.3 Supplier Ethical dilemmas encountered by Tesco are suppliers. Tesco being one of the market leaders is using its strength in the market place to deliver unbeatable value which in turn forcing the suppliers to push down prices of vegetables, meat, garments and etc. Therefore, this action shows that Tesco is paying its suppliers 4% below the industry average and has cause some UK farmers on the brink of bankruptcy (Friends of Earth, 2005). In addition, Tesco often make unnecessary demands on farmers to guarantee uniform products. Therefore, it became national standards inevitably (Friends of Earth, 2005). There have been also incidents whereby Tesco cancelled order at the last minute and this has cause financial losses to the suppliers especially to the farmers. Next, Tesco is loading various risks and costs of its fresh-produce business onto farmers whereby also passing it to the workers particularly woman (Oxfam, 2004). Tesco push the price below cost of production example: a basket of food which contains eggs, milk, bread, tomatoes, beef and apples which would total up for  £ 37 whereas the farmers only get  £11 (Friends of Earth, 2003). At the same time, Tesco also force suppliers to depend on cheap seasonal labour and exposing workers particularly woman to intolerable living and working conditions. However, the woman workers are employed in the form of temporary and irregular employment without basic rights. According to Oxfam (2004), Tesco put pressures on South African fruit and wine suppliers by making them to pay for promotions and paying them below cost of production. 2.4 Community Although Tesco has huge share of the market, this unethical practice towards suppliers will affect the communities. The unethical practices of Tesco will affect the communities by having low job security for workers such as farm workers. Permanent jobs will be lesser as more contract and temporary labour will be required. Therefore, workers is seen to have no job security as they are required to become seasonal workers working only 8-11 months a year and lose their benefits of a permanent employee (Friends of Earth, 2005). However, casual woman labourer lose out on benefits, as men get everything like boots and uniform while woman gets nothing when they work all year in a pear farm (Action Aid, 2005). Subsequently, Tesco affects the communities in terms of unemployment. When farmers fail to cover their cost of production, it will become a norm of being in debt. Thus, this affects them to be out of business and creating the way for the end of the small and family farms (Corporate Watch, 2004). Next, the unethical practices of Tesco affect the communities on their cost of living. As Tescos aggressive buying practices force suppliers to push their prices down. As a result leads them to receive poverty wages and unable to fulfill their daily basic needs. Wages are so low that they are unable to maintain standards of living whereby families are often malnourished (Clean Clothes Campaign, 2009). For example: Tawana Fraser who work in the pear farm that supplies to Tesco says that although wages of  £32.50 were paid every two weeks, she cant even afford to go to school functions, buy school uniforms and even cant pay for her daughters school fees (Action Aid, 2005). Besides that, Tesco affects communities on their poor living conditions. Workers live in dismal housing where they only sleep on the floor with a plastic sheet with no electricity and water. Furthermore, walls of the shack are made of cardboard. Subsequently, the unethical practices of Tesco affect the communities by having unsafe working conditions. Workers have no protective clothing and gloves when working while they have to climb wet leaders that are still wet from pesticides to pick up pears from the trees (Action Aid, 2005). 3.0 Dealing with the dilemmas 3.1 Supplier To deal with the dilemmas, Tesco joint venture with Impactt Limited (company that provides training, advice and develop ethical trading strategies) to deliver ethical buyer training for Tesco buyers around the world. This training is to raise buyers awareness on ethical issues and the effects that purchasing practices can have on labour standards of the suppliers (Impactt Limited, 2012). This training also aims to teach them to understand and reflect ethical considerations in their purchasing practices and also highlight that buyers are responsible for ensuring that their behaviors do not force suppliers to cut corners (Tesco International Sourcing, 2008). Besides that, Tesco has committed to fair trade by signing up the Governments Supplier Code of Practices (Friends of the Earth, 2005). It was revised and strengthened in 2008 to protect the suppliers from exploitation. Next, Tesco also deals with supplier dilemmas by introducing supplier viewpoint independent annual survey. The suppliers are required to answer this anonymous survey, which allows suppliers to voice out how they feel about working with Tesco (Tesco PLC, 2012). Hence, this allows Tesco to understand the problem the supplier is facing whereby enables Tesco to understand and rectify the problems with their supplier. 3.2 Community Tesco deals with their dilemmas by emphasizing on two over riding priorities on ethical trade. Thus, with the two over-riding priorities on ethical trade, Tesco is committed to ensure the well-being of workers in the supply chain, to ensure no human rights abuses and at the same time ensuring sustainable environment impact (Tesco International Sourcing, 2008). On top of that, Tesco being one of the founders and the members of Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) uses ETI base code as a standard for all workers in the supply chain (Appendix 2). Whereby, Tesco made efforts on monitoring to help the workers to improve conditions and address entrenched problems. To deal with community dilemmas, Tesco also implement Supply Chain Impact Assessments whereby frequent visits by Tesco personnel to better understand what the challenges the workers are facing. Whereby using participatory interviews, third party audits to collect information from workers about their workplace concern. Furthermore, Tesco have been working with UN representative, South African partners on human rights to pilot principles that can strengthen effective grievance mechanism. For example: Tesco have piloted a farm level grievance mechanism which involves more than 3000 workers to voice their problems they were facing. 3.3 Apply one ethical theory into dilemma Ethical theory refers to rules and principle which decide the right and wrong in a given situation. Ethical theory consists of two ethical theories which are normative ethical theories and descriptive ethical theories. Normative ethical theories suggest the morally correct way of acting while descriptive ethical theories describe how ethical decisions are made. The role of ethical theory by Richard De George (1999) suggests two extreme positions which are ethical absolutism and ethical relativism. Ethical absolutism is universally applicable moral principles which the right and wrong are objective qualities. However, ethical relativism claims morality is context dependent and subjective, whereas there are no universal rights and wrong that can be determined. It depends on the person, culture and location (Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2007). Under normative theory, it consists of traditional and contemporary ethical theories. Traditional ethical theories are separated into consequentialist and non-consequentialist theories (Appendix 2). Under consequentialist theories, egoism refer to an action which is morally right when decision maker is free to decide to pursue their individual short term desires or long term interest. According to Adam Smith (1793), it is morally acceptable when individual interest pursuit through invisible hand of market which creates benefit for all. Next, utilitarianism refers to an action which is morally right if the outcome is greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people affected by the action. Utilitarianism has been chosen to apply in supplier dilemma. Through a utilitarian perspective, we can see Tesco acts in a way to produce the greatest possible balance of good over dissatisfaction of their suppliers. Tesco implementing low price policy which instead pushes the price lower of the products from their suppliers which cause supplier to suffer from huge lost. Although forcing the suppliers to lower the price is unethical, yet with Tesco low pricing policy it creates the greatest amount of happiness for the community while the company can enjoy higher profits. As a result, if low pricing gives happiness and more benefit to the community, Tesco do not need to think about how unethical their practice is towards the suppliers. However, under non-consequentialist theories it is divided into ethics of duties and ethics of right and justice. Ethics of duties by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argues that morality and decisions of right and wrong could not depend on a state whereby it is let alone on the consequences of ones action (Appendix 3). For ethics of right and justice, natural rights are important, certain basic, unalienable entitlements that should be protected and respected in every action. Hence, justice refers that together all individuals must receive fair treatment in a situation whereby the outcome is everybody get what they deserve. According to Locke (1632-1714) the most important rights are rights to life, freedom and property (Appendix 4). Next, under normative theories which consist of contemporary ethical theories are divided into virtue ethics, postmodern perspective, feminist ethics and discourse ethics (Appendix 4). However, descriptive ethical theory involves two factors that influence the decision making which are individual and situational factors (Appendix 5). 4.0 Organization Best values and practices 4.1 Best Practices PG current practices are supplier engagement. PG work closely with their suppliers across the entire supply chain. In order for them to bring the best thinking that benefits the brand and business, PG implement supplier scorecard which is to improve supply chain environmental issues while also encouraging sharing of capabilities and ideas in the supply chain which leads to deliver better products and services to consumers (Procter Gamble, 2012) (Appendix 6). Based on the best practices of this company, Tesco should emulate the footsteps of the above mentioned company to achieve the best practices. The best practices Tesco should adopt are supplier engagement. Tesco could launch a supplier scorecard to measure and track the supplier environmental footprint while also a way to communicate with suppliers. Subsequently, scorecard creates a platform to receive feedback, sharing of capabilities and get ideas from suppliers. Thus, with the ideas and feedback Tesco could fine-tune its own procedures to communicate better with their suppliers for further improvement such as work practices and environmental issues. However, having better communication and good relationship with suppliers also gives suppliers better opportunity for business which in turn suppliers would not act unethically. 4.2 Best values Next, the values of NTUC Fair Price Hypermarket in Singapore are responsible retailing. Product safety and food handling is an important element in Fair Prices business to raise the standards of food safety in Singapore for their customers. As a result, the company is certified with Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) which is the management system for the assurance of food safety and ISO 9001 quality management system (Appendix 7). Based on the values of this company, Tesco should emulate the following values of the above mentioned company. The best value that Tesco should also adopt is food quality and safety management. In the food retailing industry, food quality is the most important values that could deliver excellent standards for food and products consistently. By offering quality products to the customers, customers will have the trust and confidence to shop in Tesco. However, Tesco can establish Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Program which is a management system for the assurance of food safety. Thus, by adopting food quality and standards Tesco is able to increase the confidence level of customers that they are receiving high quality, safe products. In addition, Tesco can implement ISO 9001 (quality management system) to ensure that they conform to standards by ensuring the highest food quality and food safety for customers. Thus, by Tesco implementing these values, it is able to show that Tesco prioritize responsible retailing. 4.3 Apply one ethical theory Normative theory consists of traditional and contemporary ethical theories. Under contemporary ethical theories there is postmodern ethics which refers to questioning everyday practices, rules and to listen everyone and follow their emotions and gut feelings about what they think is right and wrong in a decision making (Crane, A. Matten, D., 2010) The best practices of supplier engagement can be applied with postmodern ethics as Tesco needs to have good communication and work closely with their suppliers in order to be a successful ethical company. Therefore, by applying postmodern ethics Tesco needs to question their suppliers on environmental practices and make sure they follow consistently supplier trading policy. On top of that, to make sure suppliers maintain high ethical standards on environmental issues and work practices. At the same time, also listen to suppliers sharing of ideas or listen to problems encountered by supplier which relates to work practices and environmental practices. By Tesco making sure their suppliers follow procedures consistently it will reduce the chances of both parties acting unethically. 5.0 Conclusion Practicing good ethics is important part for every company as it helps to maintain the companys reputation and brand image. Hence, when Tesco have bad reputation in ethics will lead to loose customer or community trust and loyalty. Whereby, in year 2012 shows Tescos market share first time in seven years have drop below 30 % which is 29.9% (BBC News, 2012). Therefore, for Tesco to gain back their market share, Tesco have to act ethically to gain back the communitys trust and confidence level in their practices and products. Hence, by Tesco acting ethically it enables Tesco to continue maintaining their position as the third largest in the world. Furthermore, Tesco have to act ethically in every aspect they deal with to benefit the communities. At the same time, also acting ethically in their business in order for them to penetrate into more countries to maximize the shareholders value, increase companys profit and deliver sustainable growth year to year.

Specsavers: SWOT and PESTLE Analysis

Specsavers: SWOT and PESTLE Analysis 1.0 Introduction This report will provide a detailed analysis of Specsavers current corporate appraisal SWOT analysis. This will highlight the companies’ strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which will help the company’s management, understand where the organisation is now. A Five Forces environmental analysis of the industry will examine the local, national and global influences of political, economic, social and technological factors (in the form of a PESTEL analysis) to understand opportunities and threats facing Specsavers currently and in the future. This will provide an evaluation of the external business environment in which Specsavers operates. This analysis will highlight the fundamental changes that the eye care industry is undergoing, especially; in defence to the unstable environment it faces from exogenous forces (oil prices, inflation etc) and endogenous forces. 2.0 SWOT Analysis of Specsavers Specsavers main strength is in its local knowledge of customers within the UK and Worldwide, providing a trusted eye care service, affordable glasses and contact lenses to a number of countries in Europe and worldwide.. It also has a strong work force with highly trained opticians, who carry out professional eye test using the latest optical equipment. Its major weakness is its lack of luxury designer brand awareness nationally and globally relative to its major competitors like Selfridges. Specsavers faces external threats from existing completion (Boots, Vision Express) in the market place for eye care as well as cheaper low cost brands from the Far East. Changes in Socioeconomic conditions can also play a part in Specsavers future success, as buyers are now more environmentally conscious and ethically educated. The main competitors are all promoting a strong sense of Corporate Social Responsibility agenda. Specsavers must also be mindful of any potential takeover bids from the lik es of Boots and Vision Express Group. See Figure 1 below for a full SWOT analysis of Specsavers. Figure1: Specsavers SWOT Analysis I N T E R N A L STRENGTHS Established for 24 years Wide ranges of products including hearing service UK’s leading eye care service provider – with 830 stores in UK and Europe Value for money – 2 for 1 offers Brand Awareness Human resources –Expert Opticians and audiologists Online Booking Use of latest optical and hearing equipment New Version One System for document management OPPORTUNITIES Develop brand awareness globally Further expansion of stores internationally New designer frames from leading fashion houses Market shift to globalisation New facilities or services Innovation Alliances Diversification E X T E R N A L WEAKNESSES Perception of Low Quality Designer Brand Awareness Does not stock high class brands like DG and Bebe Does not provide same day service like its competitors THREATS New existing competition Volatility in Price of Fuel Consequences of UK recession and credit crunch Market shift to globalisation Takeover bids – Norville Optical Far-East eye care companies expansion Extremely high competition for customers and resources The SWOT analysis of the company shows that its strengths are in its wide range of products and its reputation for carrying out a professional eye care service, large investments in latest optical and hearing aids equipment and its international presence. However, main weaknesses are low brand awareness for designer frames. Currently the company only distributes a number of designer brands of frames and sells it brands mainly through its stores. Therefore, it has opportunities to venture into e-commerce solution through web orders of designer frames. Also access additional capital and consider retail partnerships. The company faces various threats from new and existing competition, economic recession and due to its low brand awareness in designer (luxury) market segment faces potential takeover bids. 3.0 The Five Forces Model Porter explains that there are five forces inherent in a market, which will jointly determine the intensity of competition and profitability of Specsavers and the eye care industry. The first is the threat posed by new entrants, as with the growth in designer frames being offered by Selfridges, Harrods, and Rackhams etc. The second is the threats from substitutes, laser treatment v spectacles, and the growing demand in laser vision correction surgery. The third force is the threats from the bargaining power of buyers, is this strong for both Specsavers and the entire eye care industry with a large number of alternative suppliers, hence, the aggressive pricing strategy, two for one offers etc. This results in a very strong competitive rivalry in the industry. This is intensified as a result of little or no differentiation in the service offered. Finally the threats from the suppliers bargaining power, this is very strong in the eye care industry for two reasons, one is highly speciali sed products supplied by few manufacturers, hence, Norville Optical who can command a very favourable terms and second is the existence of many buyers within the industry. 4.0 External Environment – PESTLE Analysis All of those (political, economic, social, technical, legal and environmental) factors will to some extent apply to the eye care industry. POLITICAL – changes in corporation tax in the future within UK and internationally. With operations in Europe and across the globe, is the political regime favourable to foreign investment. The introduction of Carbon Taxation could also pose a future threat to Specsavers. ECONOMIC the high-end eye wear industry is vary recession prawn and also very sensitive to changes in prices. SOCIAL – changes in consumer taste and lifestyle represent both opportunities and threats for the eye care industry. Opportunities in terms of designer branded eye wear are now popular with high disposable income groups and also the growing trend in spectacles as a fashion accessory. The aging population in UK and throughout the globe will have a favourable impact upon the demand for eye care products and services. The threats are in terms of alternative vision correction treatments like laser and lack of skilled labour, will the educational system support future qualified opticians and audiologists, if not there may be a lack of supply. TECHNICAL – Changes in retailing methods as such spec sales via the Internet is now a common place in eye wear, online appointment booking with patients receiving an email containing their appointment details and booking reference when they book online. Paperless operation, the management and administration of the company are undertaken on IT systems, which are accessed through secure servers; provide flexibility in the running of the stores. Specsavers has implemented a new version one system for document management in order to provide a centralised accounting function for its 830 UK and European stores. The development of the next generation lenses will also lead to technological opportunities in terms of cost reduction and improvement in quality of lenses. LEGAL –Threats are in terms of future legislations for health and environmental issues. Specsavers needs to be mindful of data protection act (freedom of information act) as it will store a large amount of patients’ personal details. Do the current (or future) employment laws provide an advantage or disadvantage to the business? ENVIRONMENTAL – The energy sources used, namely oil has vast ecological/environmental implications. The threats are in terms of fines and rise in cost of raw materials. The introduction of Carbon taxation will affect Specsavers future profitability. 5.0 Conclusion Specsavers is clearly an organisation with a strong brand awareness and reputation for providing an affordable eye care service, with operations in a number of countries in Europe and across the globe. Specsavers environmental analysis via the SWOT, PESTEL and Five Forces showed that the eye care industry is experiencing a change in terms of becoming more socially responsible and customer service focused (due to intense competitive rivalry). Specsavers needs to view those environmental changes as an opportunity rather than a risk. In order to succeed in the future Specsavers needs to see employees as the key to competitive advantage in an industry that is highly dynamic. Corporate and human resource strategies are developed concurrently. Specsavers needs to view its human resources as the driving force in the development of its overall business strategy for the future. There needs to be an overriding emphasis on developing optician’s skills through intensive training programme (2 year graduate programme) and continual investment in RD. The future environment of Specsavers will largely be impacted by the introduction of the Carbon tax, which will threaten Specsavers ability to continue to offer affordable value for money glasses and contact lenses, as additional taxes will diminish margins, which could lead to increase prices. The internet will continue to shape the way Specsavers operates as a business, currently using it primarily for online appointment booking, but as the social trends change, consumers with busy lifestyles will prefer to use online shopping for ordering their frames and contact lenses. Specsavers has in recent times implemented an online document management system, to enable it to centrally manage payment of supplier’s invoices. This has resulted in significant time savings and operational costs as a result of improve efficiency and freeing up of storage space. Word Count =1,550 References Bibliography Needle, D. (2004) Business in Context – An introduction to business and its environment 4th Edition, Thomson Worthington, I. Britton, C. (2006) The Business Environment – 5th Edition, Prentice Hall Financial Times ACCA Paper 3.5 Strategic Business Planning and Development (2001) The Financial Training Company Johnson G and Scholes K (1993). Exploring Corporate Strategy Text and Cases. Cambridge: Prentice Hall. Porter M.E (1980) Competitive Strategy-Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors.

Sex and the City :: Television Media TV

Sex and the City Sex and the City an outrageously funny comedy/drama, created and written by Darren Star, is about nothing else but sex in the big city of Manhattan. As a newspaper columnist, Carrie Bradshaw writes about love and sex in the big apple, through the experiences of all of her single best friends, including her own single love life. They encounter everyday dilemmas and exchange useful advice amongst their busy lives of self-evaluation. Sex and the City portrays women as power beings through their sexuality. Glamorous and sexy Carrie Bradshaw, played by Sarah Jessica Parker, writes a column, â€Å"Sex and the City† for a newspaper and loves expensive footwear. Her column highlights nightlife in the big city that never sleeps but always sleeps around. As she and her single friends are struggling to get through life and enjoy it to it’s fullest, she gets caught in a love battle with charismatic Mr. Big. One of Carrie’s best friends, confident and sexy Samantha Jones, played by Kim Cattrall, enjoys great sex. As a Public Relations consultant, she only expects the best that life has to offer her, from gorgeous studs to yoga classes with sexual appeal. The type of woman that makes a lasting impression, Samantha is beautiful, a great friend, and never misses a beat. As a feminine romantic, Charlotte York, played by Kristin Davis, prides in being perfectly poised and polished. Another one of Carrie’s best friends, Charlotte is looking for a relationship that would lead her towards her ultimate happiness. She encounters many relationships and experiences guys who take Prozac and want threesomes. Charlotte is definitely a beautiful woman interested in art, with a lot of sex appeal, but she is always hunting for the perfect guy to be included in her perfect lifestyle and dreams. Attorney Miranda Hobbes, played by Cynthia Nixon is ambitious about her work and relationships, as well as wild and sexy. Another one of Carrie’s best friends, Miranda might be blunt, but prides in her success. She encounters relationships and sex with men, as well as a time when she appeared to be a lesbian. Through all of her insecurities, Miranda is able to endure it all, and be the strong woman in everything she attempts.

The Theme Of Death In Poems Essays -- essays research papers

The Theme of Death in Poems Death is a common theme in many poems. It is viewed so differently to everyone. In the poems, "Because I could not stop for Death," "First Death in Nova Scotia," and "War is kind" death is presented by each narrator as something different. To one it is a kind gentle stranger while to another it is a cold cruel being. A kind gentleman stranger personifies death in, "Because I could not stop for Death." The narrator of the poem is a busy person, with little time, and definitely no time to die. Her carriage driver, which is death, arrives to take her into immortality. Death isn't hasty, he doesn't take her quickly. He drives her past things that the narrator had not taken the time to notice in a while. The narrator watched as he drives her past a school, where children are playing, and then on they go past fields. She sees the sun go down, and the carriage driver past the sun, but she realizes they weren't passing the sun, it was passing them; time was passing by, past her life. Her life has now past her by, and she is arriving at her final destination, which was her grave, yet she describes it as her house. In the end she is looking back, and sees how centuries have passed, yet she isn't passing by anymore, and to her this hundred years seems as no time at all. Finally she accepts her death, and is able to pass into eternity. To her death wasn't har...